Chapter 13 338 a number of chemicals including conventional and emerging organic pollutants such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, microplastics, endocrine disruptor compounds and plasticizers are derived from both industrial and domestic sources,. 1, 7–13 since these harmful chemicals are considered to be the primary cause of water and wastewater contamination, degradation of these commonly used organic compounds represents one of the biggest challenges to be overcome by the modern scientific community. 3, 4, 14–18 in this context, materials science and nanotechnologies have brought promising alternatives to the conventional water treatment technologies. 19–24 in particular, through the control of the materials' size, morphology and chemical structures, nanotechnology offers novel systems with exceptional adsorptive, catalytic, and/or antimicrobial properties that can enhance water …